Global Diseases Research

  Researchers have identified a new orchid species in the high ranges of Kerala , adding to the botanical richness of the Western Ghats . The species was discovered in Kanthalloor near Marayoor in Idukki district and belongs to the Diplozentrum genus, which is endemic to the southern Western Ghats . Taxonomy and Scientific Naming The newly identified orchid has been scientifically named “Diplozentrum papillosum”. The genus Diplozentrum is known for its limited geographical distribution, making the discovery significant from both taxonomic and conservation perspectives. The species has been formally documented in the latest issue of the scientific journal “Species”. Distinct Morphological Features “Diplozentrum papillosum” is distinguished by its unbranched flower clusters and striking pink-and-white blooms. The petals show a distinctive structure that clearly differentiates it from other known species within the genus. The flowers are noted for their fragrance as well as their visu...

  A joint research collaboration between Indian and Chinese universities has unveiled a sustainable method to protect metals from corrosion using waste apple leaves. The breakthrough offers an eco-friendly alternative to toxic industrial inhibitors and highlights the growing role of green chemistry in infrastructure and manufacturing. Indo- China Academic Collaboration The study was conducted by researchers from Nagaland University and the University of Science and Technology Beijing. Led by Prof. Ambrish Singh and Prof. Yujie Qiang, the international team focused on converting discarded apple leaves into high-performance corrosion inhibitors. The collaboration demonstrates how cross-border academic partnerships can address global industrial challenges through sustainable science. Apple-Leaf Carbon Quantum Dots Explained Researchers developed carbon quantum dots derived from apple leaves using a green hydrothermal process. These nanoscale particles, doped with nitrogen and sulfur,...

  In a major advance for inherited blood disorders, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved mitapivat, marketed as Aqvesme, as the first oral treatment for anaemia in adults with alpha- or beta-thalassemia. The decision expands options for patients who have long depended on repeated blood transfusions and the complex management that follows, including iron overload and frequent hospital visits. The approval is being seen as a shift towards disease-modifying treatment in thalassemia care, particularly for adults with persistent fatigue and low haemoglobin. Why Thalassemia Anaemia Has Been Hard to Treat Thalassemia is a genetic condition that reduces the body’s ability to produce healthy haemoglobin, limiting oxygen delivery to tissues and causing chronic anaemia. Many patients require lifelong transfusions to keep haemoglobin at safer levels. Over time, transfusion reliance can lead to iron build-up, raising risks of organ damage, and increasing the burden of chelation ther...

  A groundbreaking discovery was made in Pashan Lake, Pune. A new species of planarian worm, named Dugesia punensis, was identified. This marks the first new planarian species recorded in India since 1983. The findings were published in the Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Characteristics of Dugesia PunensisDugesia punensis is a freshwater flatworm known for its remarkable regenerative abilities. This species measures between 8mm and 12mm in length. Its dorsal side is dark brown with a spotted appearance, while its ventral side is pale. The flatworm features slightly reduced auricles, an elongated pharynx, and gonopore. Its eggs are circular and reddish in colour. Auricular grooves surround two prominent black eyes. Regeneration Capabilities One of the most notable features of Dugesia punensis is its capacity for regeneration. The flatworm can completely regrow after starving for 15 to 20 days, demonstrating full regeneration within 10 to 13 days. This extraordinary abili...

  A new monoclonal antibody therapy has shown encouraging results for patients suffering from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare and progressive liver disease with no approved medical treatment. Researchers from the University of California, Davis have reported that the experimental drug nebokitug appears safe and potentially effective in reducing liver inflammation and fibrosis. The findings have been published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology. Unmet Need in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis PSC is a chronic condition characterised by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts, leading to bile accumulation and progressive liver damage. Over time, the disease can result in cirrhosis, liver failure and the need for transplantation. The cause of PSC remains unclear, though most patients also have inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting a gut–liver immune link. Current management is limited to symptom control and monitoring of complications, as no drug therapy has be...

  Recent reports from New York City reveal an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in Central Harlem. Since late July 2025, five confirmed cases have emerged. Health authorities are investigating water sources in affected areas. Residents are advised to remain vigilant and seek prompt medical care if symptoms arise. About Legionnaires’ Disease Legionnaires’ disease is a severe pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. The bacteria thrive in warm water environments such as cooling towers, hot tubs, and large plumbing systems. Infection occurs by inhaling contaminated water droplets. The disease is not contagious and cannot spread from person to person. Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are crucial for recovery. Symptoms and Risk Groups Symptoms usually develop 2 to 14 days after exposure. Common signs include high fever, persistent cough, headaches, muscle pain, and shortness of breath. Some patients may experience nausea, diarrhoea, or confusion. People aged 50 and above, smoker...